![]() ![]() This was significant since the ultramicrotome had not yet been invented. They made use of cultured cells because they were thin enough to be penetrated by an electron beam. In 1945, a lacelike reticulum in cultured chick embryo cells was first observed by Keith Porter, Albert Claude, and Ernest Fullam. Discovery of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Cytoplasmic reticulum in fibroblast-like cell cultured from chick embryo tissue (Porter et al., 1945.) Source: Plant Cell Biology from Astronomy to Zoology by Randy Wayne. Through the unfolded protein response, the size and functional capacity of the ER are adapted in order to meet physiological and developmental requirements. In particular, contact sites with other organelles, for instance, mitochondria, are fundamental for signaling and lipid transfer (Eelco and Roberto, 2016). ![]() Individual subregions of the ER have specialized tasks (Eelco and Roberto, 2016). The ER not only is the medium of manufacture of maximum lipids and of membrane and secreted proteins, however also is the predominant Ca 2+ storage in the cell and a hub for signal integration (Eelco and Roberto, 2016). The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a large, continuous organelle that extends throughout the entire cell (Eelco and Roberto, 2016). The ER is the most extended organelle in plenty of eukaryotic cells: on average it occupies 10% of the cellular volume (Eelco and Roberto, 2016). ![]()
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